The ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and EU security policy

Abstract

The issue of the current Russian-Ukrainian war is very relevant for the security policy of the European Union, since this war has a significant impact on its domestic and foreign policy. Also, the mentioned war has a significant impact on the security of the Black Sea region, and in the process of forming a new world order, its results will have a significant impact on the formation of a new geopolitical system.     In modern international relations, the force factor remains an actual issue. A clear example of this is the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war. This war had a significant impact on the security policy, economy and energy security policy of the European Union. Russia started an unjustified military aggression against Ukraine on February 24, 2022 and continues to this day. Russia's aggression against Ukraine was not new. Back in 2014, it annexed Crimea, and it supports and supports pro-Russian separatists who control parts of the Donbass region. Also, It was actively waging a hybrid war against Ukraine. As a result of the analysis of the current war, Russia's military-political interests are clearly outlined. Its military aggression aims not only to subjugate Ukraine, but also to revise the entire European security order. All this undermines the democratic order of the European Union. In response to this, the European Union provided extensive support to Ukraine in the current war, in political, economic and military directions. The European Union has imposed a number of sanctions on Russia and provides significant assistance to the Ukrainian people. Also, the European Union revised its foreign policy in relation to Russia. The European Union today, in relation to the new situation created as a result of this war, operates its security and defense policy with new parameters. After the end of the Cold War, the security policy of the European Union was characterized by a certain stability. This was due to NATO's policy and security guarantees. In modern times, Russia's rhetoric and policy of nuclear intimidation have changed their security architecture and exposed them to real threats. The use of nuclear weapons even on the territory of Ukraine will cause serious consequences for the Ukrainian people and also for the population of the EU member states, because the radiation caused by the explosion of nuclear weapons will reach the EU member states and also pose a threat to their health. It is for this reason that the European Union tries to pursue a measured policy in relation to Russia. As a result of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, the issue of the creation of EU armed forces has been widely discussed. All this has been discussed since the period of the Cold War and for some reasons it was not implemented. First, it was the NATO factor, because within it they had security guarantees, because most of the members of the alliance are NATO members. The second factor was economic, because all states had to bear certain expenses for the creation of a unified army. The third factor was which state would be under the leadership of the mentioned armed forces.     As a result of the Russia-Ukraine war, the European Union has experienced significant economic fluctuations, which are caused by the increase in the prices of energy resources on the part of Russia. At the same time, as a result of the war, there was a food crisis in the world, which had some impact on the European Union as well. An important issue here is the position and policy of the USA regarding the issue of Ukraine, because the European Union and the USA have a unified position regarding this war. The European Union and the USA operate within the framework of a common security policy. They are trying to stand up to Russia's revisionism, China's military-political activation, and especially in the direction of the Indo-Pacific. Accordingly, the main actors of the center of geopolitical power are highlighted. Indeed, against the background of the establishment of a new world order, it is important who will win the Russia-Ukraine war. Also, how the balance of power will be distributed between the leading states. Since then, the world's security architecture has undergone significant change. This will also have a significant impact on Georgia's security policy and at the same time on the policy of integration with the European Union and rapprochement.  The purpose of the study is to show what threats and challenges the EU security policy faced as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The objectives of the study are to show how and by what means the European Union is helping Ukraine in the current war and what is the military potential of the EU member states.    The research questions of the article are: What is the security policy of the European Union in the context of the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine? What is Russia's position in relation to the European Union and how much does this threaten its security? Will Russia use tactical nuclear weapons?     The study used historical-descriptive, political and content analysis methods. The current political issue will be discussed in the context of balance of power theory, Copenhagen School securitization theory, cooperative security theory and political realism theory. The current Russian-Ukrainian war, the causes of the conflict, the current political situation, the geopolitical and geo-economic processes that have developed as a result of the said war, in the context of EU security policy, as well as military, humanitarian and economic. The assistance provided by the EU to Ukraine, the policy of EU sanctions and internal disagreements were discussed using the example of Hungary. US-EU relations in terms of security policy and their overall support for Ukraine.