Trust in media and effects of political polarization in Georgia”

Abstract

The Georgian media ecosystem is grappling with multifaceted challenges stemming from political polarization, a phenomenon deeply intertwined with societal divisions and power struggles. As political factions vie for control over narratives and public opinion, media outlets are trapped in a web of competing agendas and interests. This polarization extends beyond mere ideological differences, permeating journalistic practices, content creation, and public trust. The erosion of trust is exacerbated by the proliferation of disinformation campaigns and the weaponization of media platforms to propagate false narratives.   This study offers an in-depth analysis of the media landscape in Georgia in 2023, focusing on the intricate interplay between political polarization, media viability, and public trust. Drawing from qualitative research methods, including focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with representatives from a diverse range of media outlets, this study sheds light on the challenges and support mechanisms shaping the media environment in Georgia.Political polarization emerges as a pervasive challenge confronting the Georgian media landscape, with both natural and imaginary forms of polarization exerting detrimental effects. In 2023, the influence of false polarization has intensified, artificially removing critical issues from the media agenda and substituting them with less pertinent topics. This distortion of discourse contributes to a widening gap between the media and the public, diminishing solidarity and trust in journalism.   The consequences of polarization extend beyond media organizations, affecting societal cohesion and undermining democratic processes, particularly in the lead-up to elections. With trust in the media declining, voters are left with limited access to reliable information, opening the door to populist narratives and manipulation. While media outlets strive to maintain journalistic integrity, regulatory constraints, and safety concerns further impede their ability to fulfill their democratic function.The responsibility for mitigating polarization lies with various stakeholders, with the ruling party playing a central role in fostering a conducive media environment. However, efforts to instrumentalize laws and restrict journalistic activities pose additional challenges, particularly during electoral periods when objective information is crucial.Ultimately, preserving a vibrant and independent media landscape depends on the collective commitment of all stakeholders to uphold democratic values and ensure the free flow of information. Only through coordinated action can Georgia overcome the divisive forces of polarization and strengthen democracy resilience.   Methodology: a qualitative research approach – focus group discussions and in-depth interviews – was chosen as the research methodology. The qualitative research instrument used a discussion guideline with primary semi-structured questions. Secondary questions were identified during the discussion and interviews. The media environment was examined, like in the previous years’ research (2021 and 2022), based on respondents' evaluations and the reality they saw. Six media outlets involved in the study are major national broadcasters, two are investigative studios, two are radio stations (including one international bureau), and eight are other online and regional media outlets. The selected media outlets have different audiences, credibility, and influence. As part of the research, two “offline” focus groups (number of participants: 13) and one online focus group (number of participants: 5) were conducted. Among the participants were journalists/reporters, media managers, producers, media founders, editors, and talk show hosts. In parallel with the focus groups, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of two media outlets (upon their request). In total, 20 representatives of 18 media outlets participated in the research.